Orca Allokelping is the newly documented behavior where southern resident killer whales use bull kelp as a tool to rub against each other—possibly to remove dead skin and soothe irritation. Captured via drone, this social spa-like behavior, known as allokelping, reveals a rare example of cooperative tool use in the wild. Scientists believe it serves both physical and social functions, strengthening bonds within pods and supporting skin health.

Kelp grooming is more than just orca hygiene. It highlights the intelligence and cultural complexity of these endangered whales. The discovery comes with a reminder: kelp forests and Chinook salmon are essential for these behaviors to continue. As habitat and food sources decline, so too may the traditions that define this population. This episode breaks down the science behind the behavior and why it matters for conservation.

All The Sharks Netflix finally delivers what ocean lovers and science communicators have been asking for: a show that gets shark science right. In this episode, Andrew breaks down how the new game show sets itself apart from misleading content like SeaSpiracy and Shark Whisperer, and instead showcases real marine scientists, environmental journalists, and shark conservationists doing meaningful, ethical work.

Sharks have long suffered from misrepresentation in popular media, but All The Sharks flips the script. With entertaining competition, engaging underwater footage, and actual experts driving the narrative, the show combines education with action in a way that makes conservation both fun and credible. This is the kind of storytelling that builds trust and gets audiences inspired to protect the ocean.

Ocean careers are often imagined as adventurous and exciting, but what does it actually mean to work in the ocean every day, especially in the deep sea? In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, Andrew speaks with Megan Paulson from Ocean Networks Canada, Josh Tedarenko from Campac Marine Services, and Dirk, who all work in partnership on deep-sea observatory operations and ROV missions. They share their unique experiences, challenges, and the incredible coordination required to operate in high-pressure ocean environments.

Deep-sea technology plays a crucial role in their work—from deploying and maintaining underwater observatories to remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) capable of diving to 6,000 meters. You’ll learn about the science, logistics, and passion behind careers that support ocean research and monitoring. Whether you’re curious about marine tech, deep-sea exploration, or launching your own ocean science career, this episode will give you an insider’s view of life under the surface.

Website: https://www.oceannetworks.ca/

Ocean Ramsay's new documentary, called Shark Whisperer, is out on Netflix, and this is my review. This episode investigates Ocean Ramsey’s viral shark interactions, including her approach of touching and redirecting sharks in open water. We explore how these encounters influence shark behavior and why marine scientists warn about potential stress, habituation, and public safety concerns when sharks associate humans with food or physical contact.

Shark Conservation: We break down Ramsey’s role in raising awareness for shark conservation and her contributions to Hawaii’s 2021 shark fishing ban. While supporters credit her high-profile advocacy with inspiring public action, critics question whether her methods overshadow the Kanaka-led cultural and scientific leadership behind the legislation.

Shark Touching: We examine the controversy surrounding Ramsey’s touching of sharks, allegations of chumming or handfeeding, and inconsistencies around her educational credentials. We also highlight how her large online following can inspire positive ocean awareness but sometimes leads to online attacks against scientists working on shark conservation through rigorous research.

Ocean Conservation Disconnect defines the state of ocean conservation today, where public enthusiasm rarely translates into real impact. The viral plastic straw campaign proved that a simple symbol could spark global conversations, yet it shifted focus away from the systemic changes needed to reduce ocean plastic. Swapping plastic for metal straws may feel empowering, but it does not challenge the corporations and industries fueling the crisis.

Ocean Ramsey represents a modern paradox: charismatic advocates who bring sharks to mainstream attention, but sometimes offer shallow solutions. As her upcoming Netflix documentary looms, we must question how much these stories drive meaningful conservation or simply entertain. Coupled with the lack of access to primary science locked behind paywalls, the public is left inspired but uninformed, unable to engage beyond surface-level actions. This episode explores why these barriers persist and how we can bridge the gap between ocean science and society.

Tuna sustainability is more than a buzzword—it’s a complex challenge tackled head-on by the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF). In this episode, Susan Jackson, ISSF President, joins host Andrew Lewin to unpack their groundbreaking 2024 Annual Report. From developing biodegradable jelly-FADs to advancing electronic monitoring standards, Susan explains how ISSF works with fishers, corporations, and NGOs to make global tuna fishing more sustainable and transparent.

Electronic monitoring takes center stage as Susan discusses how vessel-level cameras and sensors are reshaping compliance in tuna fisheries. She also highlights the Proactive Vessel Register (PVR), which now includes over 1,700 vessels committed to ISSF conservation measures. We dive deep into how financial investments, stakeholder workshops, and scientific research are creating real-world change in the oceans—plus ISSF’s ambitious goals for 2025.

Website: https://www.iss-foundation.org/

French Polynesia marine protected area is now the largest in the world, covering nearly 4.8 million square kilometers of ocean. This groundbreaking conservation effort was announced during the United Nations Ocean Conference and includes large no-take zones near the Society and Gambier Islands, along with expansive areas that restrict harmful activities like deep-sea mining and bottom trawling. The MPA recognizes traditional fishing rights while also preserving critical marine habitats.

Marine conservation leadership by French Polynesia demonstrates how small island states can make bold commitments to global biodiversity. Backed by IUCN standards and set to expand by another 500,000 km² by 2026, this initiative offers hope in a world where only 8.3% of the ocean is currently protected. In this episode, we explore what this means for ocean life, local communities, and global marine policy—and why the real work begins now with enforcement and support.

Link to article: https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/french-polynesia-creates-worlds-largest-marine-protected-area/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

The problem with seaweed aquaculture is that it’s not always as ocean-friendly as it seems. While seaweed farming is often praised as a climate solution—able to sequester carbon, improve water quality, and support sustainable food systems—scientists are now warning that its rapid, unregulated expansion could be damaging vital marine ecosystems. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, we dive into how seaweed farms are being placed over seagrass meadows, disrupting fish nurseries, smothering biodiversity, and altering water chemistry in ways we’re only beginning to understand.

You’ll hear about the overlooked risks, from nutrient depletion and fertilizer runoff to coral reef shading and invasive species. We also explore solutions: better regulations, smarter zoning, and the importance of protecting seagrass habitats that store carbon and support marine life. Seaweed aquaculture can be part of the solution, but only if we act with caution and science in mind.

Link to article: https://theconversation.com/expanding-seaweed-farms-pose-a-risk-to-vital-marine-life-248329

UNOC 2025 brought major headlines in ocean conservation—from billions pledged to protect biodiversity, to significant movement on the High Seas Treaty. In this episode, Andrew Lewin returns from the UN Ocean Conference in Nice, France, with a firsthand account of what was announced, what was promised, and what might actually happen.

Ocean finance was a hot topic this year. Governments, development banks, and private investors pledged record-breaking funding to tackle everything from plastic pollution to marine ecosystem restoration. But Andrew dives into why these billions still fall short—and which key ocean players stepped up (and who didn’t).

High Seas Treaty ratification took center stage, with 18 new countries signing on and momentum building fast. The episode also breaks down 30x30 targets, new marine protected areas—including a massive one in French Polynesia—and growing global support for a deep-sea mining moratorium. Andrew adds his personal observations and concerns about whether this enthusiasm will translate into real protection for the ocean.

Why Cayman Islanders Voted against a massive cruise ship pier is a rare and powerful story of reef protection over profit. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, Andrew Lewin unpacks the bold decision by Cayman citizens to reject a development project that would have severely damaged their coral reef ecosystem. The vote sent a clear message: the long-term health of the ocean matters more than short-term tourism dollars.

Why Cayman Islanders Voted is also a reminder that grassroots action can be effective. Andrew explores how this vote happened, what it means for ocean conservation around the world, and how you can channel this momentum into protecting your local waters. He also introduces The Undertow, a growing community of ocean advocates working to inspire and support action like this on a global scale.

Climate policy in the U.S. has taken a wild ride in recent years. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, I speak with Chris Moyer, founder of Echo Communication Advisors, about the turbulent shifts in federal policy—especially during the Trump and Biden administrations, and how these shifts have disrupted progress in renewable energy. We examine the implications of these changes for energy development, environmental protection, and the impact of public messaging on political will to act.

Renewable energy isn’t just a technological challenge—it’s also a communication challenge. Chris breaks down how effective storytelling and smart policy design can turn the tide, even in politically divided landscapes. We also look at what the future might hold for climate action in the U.S. and what it all means for protecting the ocean and accelerating a transition away from fossil fuels.

Chris Moyer Website: https://echocomms.com/

Oceans Day is more than a date on the calendar—it’s a moment to reflect on the state of our blue planet and our role in protecting it. In this heartfelt episode, Andrew Lewin shares a personal message for Oceans Day 2025 (and any day after), speaking directly to those who feel overwhelmed by climate anxiety and unsure of their place in ocean conservation. His reminder is clear: the problems may be big, but so is our potential to create change.

Ocean conservation isn’t only for scientists or policymakers—it’s for everyone. Andrew emphasizes that small, intentional actions taken by everyday people can lead to significant and lasting shifts. From reducing waste to speaking up, connecting with others, and choosing hope, this episode is your invitation to be part of something bigger—starting now.

Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) began as a bold idea—to create a real-time, always-on listening system for the ocean. In this episode, Surfacing Secrets: Mavericks and Visionaries, we go behind the scenes with the people who made that idea real. From laying cables deep in the Pacific to building trust with research institutions and government partners, this is the untold story of how a world-leading ocean observatory came to life.

Our guests—Kate Moran (President and CEO of Ocean Networks Canada), John Delaney (Professor Emeritus, School of Oceanography, University of Washington), and Benoit Pirenne (Corporate Innovation and Technology Officer at ONC)—share what it took to turn an ambitious vision into the ocean science infrastructure Canada relies on today. From early technical hurdles to moments of breakthrough, they reflect on the innovations, partnerships, and persistence that helped ONC become a global leader in ocean monitoring.

If you care about ocean conservation, marine technology, or how visionary ideas turn into impact, this is a story you’ll want to hear.

The episode marks the beginning of a monthly series where I collaborate with Ocean Networks Canada and Balad'Eau podcast, where we explore the great work of ONC.

Ocean Netorks Canada: https://www.oceannetworks.ca/

Ocean conservation is more than protecting ecosystems—it’s about empowering people to lead change. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, Andrew, Serena, and Amanda explore the WaveMaker identity, what it means to be part of a movement, and how The Undertow is creating a community where action and support go hand-in-hand.

WaveMakers aren’t just scientists or campaigners—they’re everyday people standing up for the ocean. This episode is a behind-the-scenes look at the launch of The Undertow and the people who are already making waves in ocean conservation worldwide.

Join The Undertow: https://www.speakupforblue.com/jointheundertow

Ocean conservation is evolving—and The Undertow is leading the way by merging storytelling, technology, and community. In this episode, host Andrew Lewin is joined by Amanda Horn and Serena Nguyen to unveil The Undertow, a new platform designed to supercharge ocean action by connecting people from all backgrounds to meaningful environmental impact.

Innovation lies at the heart of The Undertow’s mission: to create 10 million new ocean connections and unlock $5 million in tangible ocean action by World Ocean Day 2030. Whether you’re a marine biologist, marketer, artist, or someone curious about climate solutions, this episode shows how your unique strengths can help reshape the future of the ocean. Dive into how The Undertow is building the tools, community, and vision to turn ocean optimism into real-world change.

Join the Undertow: www.speakupforblue.com/theundertow
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jointheundertow

Prevent overfishing by making the invisible visible. In this episode, Courtney Farthing from Global Fishing Watch explains how vessel tracking and open data systems are key to protecting marine life and holding industrial fisheries accountable. With over 75% of industrial fishing vessels missing from public monitoring systems, it’s time to shine a light on what’s happening at sea.

Global Fishing Watch is leading the charge to prevent overfishing through transparency—making vessel locations, identities, and activities publicly accessible. Courtney shares how this data empowers governments, researchers, and communities to respond quickly to illegal and unsustainable fishing, and why a global vessel tracking agreement is urgently needed. If you care about sustainable seafood, marine biodiversity, or the health of the ocean, this episode will show you how technology can help prevent overfishing before it’s too late.

Global Fishing Watch
Website: https://globalfishingwatch.org/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/globalfishingwatch/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFMjCB4uesIrCmO2G5II5zw
BlueSky: https://bsky.app/profile/globalfishingwatch.org
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/global-fishing-watch/

Ocean recovery is not just possible, it’s already happening in places where we’ve taken action. In this episode, I dive into Ocean with David Attenborough, a documentary that reminds us of the ocean’s incredible resilience. From thriving coral reefs to fish populations bouncing back, the film offers powerful proof that when we give marine ecosystems space and protection, they can heal faster than we think. It’s a rare example of ocean storytelling that balances urgency with genuine optimism.

Bottom trawling, however, threatens that progress. The documentary pulls back the curtain on this destructive fishing method, revealing how vast swaths of ocean floor are scraped clean, alongside the fish, sharks, and invertebrates that live there. The fishing industry’s backlash has been swift, but the film doesn’t dwell on blame. Instead, it shows us that even in damaged habitats, life can return when given the chance. The hope is real—but only if we act now.

Tide gauges are a critical yet often overlooked tool in our fight to understand and respond to climate change. In this episode, Dr. Andrew Thaler returns to the podcast to share a powerful story about installing a tide gauge in his hometown of St. Michaels, Maryland. He breaks down how this simple device provides crucial data for flood risk, sea level rise, and community resilience, bringing science closer to home.

Community science is at the heart of Dr. Thaler’s work. We explore how grassroots efforts, low-cost technology, and open-source tools empower residents to monitor and respond to environmental changes themselves. Whether you’re a policymaker, scientist, or citizen concerned about the impacts of coastal flooding, this episode will deepen your understanding of how data can drive change from the bottom up.

Harmful algal blooms are wreaking havoc along the California coast, releasing toxic domoic acid that is poisoning marine life. In this episode, we explore how this naturally occurring toxin is causing mass die-offs in sea lions, dolphins, and seabirds, and why climate change and nutrient pollution may be making these blooms worse. You’ll hear about the science behind domoic acid, its neurological effects on animals, and how it mimics epilepsy symptoms in marine mammals.

Domoic acid poisoning is becoming a more frequent and devastating threat to ocean ecosystems, pushing wildlife rescue centers to their limits. We discuss the broader implications of this crisis on marine conservation efforts and public health, and what we can do to protect vulnerable species as ocean temperatures rise. This is not just a marine science issue—it’s an urgent conservation challenge that demands our attention.

Ocean conservation isn’t always about what’s happening in the water—it’s also about the choices we make on land. In this episode, we speak with Maddie Hamann, a former oceanographer turned sustainable food entrepreneur. Maddie shares how her background in ocean science led her to co-found PACHA, a company that creates sourdough buckwheat bread using organic, regenerative practices. From nutrient cycles to sustainable packaging, Maddie explains how oceanography continues to inform her mission—even in the kitchen.

Sustainable food systems play a major role in protecting marine environments. Maddie breaks down why she and her partner chose buckwheat, how they built an ocean-friendly food brand, and how consumers can support businesses that align with ocean values. This conversation goes beyond the surface, connecting science, health, and sustainability in a delicious way.

Website: https://livepacha.com/ 
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/livepacha/

Plastic pollution in the Maldives has become a serious environmental crisis, despite the nation’s image as a pristine paradise. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, host Andrew Lewin shares the inspiring story of Zazou Saeed—a young Maldivian surfer and ocean advocate—who rose to become a local conservation hero by campaigning against single-use plastics. From leading beach cleanups to working with NGOs like Save the Beach and Parley for the Oceans, Zazou sparked a grassroots movement that helped influence national policy.

Ocean conservation through local action is a powerful force. Zazou used art, storytelling, and education to mobilize Maldivian youth and drive home the consequences of plastic pollution on coral reefs, sea turtles, and marine life. Her efforts were instrumental in shifting public awareness and building momentum toward the Maldives’ plastic bans. This episode highlights how one passionate person can make a massive difference for their community—and the ocean.

Orca conservation takes center stage as we highlight an inspiring community-led effort to protect these iconic marine mammals. Andrew explores how nearshore ocean heroes are driving real change, and why their stories matter more than ever. Learn how protecting your local waters can lead to healthier oceans worldwide—and why it’s time we recognize those leading the charge.

Shark encounters on social media spark a deeper discussion on wildlife ethics, as Andrew reacts to a TikTok video that demonstrates exactly what not to do. Wrapping up the episode is a look at David Attenborough’s new film “Ocean”, including an eye-opening sequence on bottom trawling and what it reveals about modern ocean challenges. Whether you’re an ocean lover or new to marine conservation, this episode offers compelling stories that educate and inspire.

Nearshore conservation is often overlooked in favor of flashy offshore marine protected areas. But a growing movement of community-led initiatives is showing that protecting coastal waters might be one of the smartest, most effective ways to safeguard ocean biodiversity and build climate resilience. This episode explores new insights from the Nearshore Ocean Progress report by the Center for American Progress, which highlights successful local conservation efforts across the U.S.

Community-driven ocean protection has the power to achieve more than top-down mandates. By focusing on the waters closest to home—estuaries, reefs, salt marshes, and seagrasses—coastal residents are preserving biodiversity, supporting livelihoods, and defending their homes against sea-level rise and extreme weather. Learn why investing in these initiatives may be the most impactful ocean action you can take.

Link to the document: https://www.americanprogress.org/article/nearshore-ocean-progress/

Gray whales are dying along the Pacific coast—and the reasons are alarming. In this episode, we dive into why hundreds of gray whales have stranded or died between 2019 and 2023. From food shortages in their Arctic feeding grounds to the rising risks of ship strikes and entanglement in fishing gear, we break down what NOAA has called an Unusual Mortality Event (UME) and how climate change is accelerating the crisis.

We also explore recent signs of population recovery and what it means for the future of marine mammal conservation. If you want to understand how ocean ecosystems are shifting—and what you can do to help protect one of the ocean’s most iconic species, then this episode is for you.

Link to Article: https://www.sfchronicle.com/climate/article/whale-deaths-20286824.php?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Endangered species protection in Ontario is under threat as the provincial government proposes Bill 5, repealing the Endangered Species Act in favor of weaker legislation. Host Andrew Lewin breaks down what these changes mean for biodiversity, habitat protection, and public accountability, and shares how Ontarians can respond through the Environmental Registry.

Climate action in Hawaii is taking a bold step forward with a new tourism climate fee aimed at offsetting ecological damage from visitors. Meanwhile, an ancient species—the frilled shark—has been spotted off the coast of Chile, raising fascinating questions about changing ocean ranges. Finally, tensions escalate between the U.S. and the International Seabed Authority over proposals to mine the deep sea, revealing global disagreements over governance of our ocean commons.

Links: Rollback of Environmental Regs: https://thenarwhal.ca/ontario-endangered-species-act-repealed/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Environmental Defence Canada Bill-5: https://environmentaldefence.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Bill-5-V2-Backgrounder-May-2025.pdf

Frilled Shark in Chile: https://www.forbes.com/sites/melissacristinamarquez/2025/04/19/pigment-disorder-found-in-deep-sea-shark/

Deep sea mining in the U.S. is entering a new chapter after a recent executive order signed by former President Donald Trump authorized exploration and extraction not only in U.S. Exclusive Economic Zones but potentially in international waters. This move marks a dramatic shift in ocean policy and raises serious questions about compliance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which governs activities beyond national jurisdiction.

The risks of deep-sea mining are substantial. From disturbing unique and fragile ecosystems on the ocean floor to triggering global geopolitical tensions, the implications stretch far beyond resource extraction. Marine biologist Dr. Andrew Thaler joins the show to explain the science behind deep-sea habitats, the governance gaps in current policy, and why this executive order could undermine decades of international ocean conservation work.

This episode examines the legal, environmental, and political aspects of U.S. deep sea mining efforts. Listeners learn what’s at stake, who is challenging the decision, and how this could affect the global push for sustainable ocean management. If you care about the future of deep ocean ecosystems and global cooperation, this episode is essential listening.

Links: Southern Fried Science: https://www.southernfriedscience.com/understanding-the-executive-order-on-deep-sea-mining-and-critical-minerals-part-2-what-is-in-the-executive-order/

Coral bleaching is not just a temporary event—it’s a climate emergency that can unfold over years. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, host Andrew Lewin dives deep into the devastating history of global coral bleaching events, revealing how the fourth and current one (2023–2025) is affecting over 80% of coral reefs worldwide. From the Great Barrier Reef to the Caribbean, bleaching is now a global phenomenon threatening biodiversity, food security, and coastal protection.

Climate change and rising ocean temperatures are causing corals to lose the vital algae that keep them alive. This episode unpacks the four global bleaching events (1998, 2010, 2014–2017, and now), explores why reefs are slow to recover, and explains what’s at stake for humans and marine ecosystems. You’ll also hear about the essential roles that coral reefs play—from acting as biodiversity hotspots to protecting coastlines during extreme weather events.

Link to article: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/23/coral-reef-bleaching-worst-global-event-on-record

Octopus intelligence is nothing short of extraordinary—and in this episode, we dive deep with award-winning author Mark Leiren-Young to explore the surprising minds, behaviors, and conservation challenges of one of the ocean’s most elusive animals. Inspired by his latest book Octopus Ocean: Geniuses of the Deep, Mark shares jaw-dropping stories about tool-using octopuses, their ability to dream, their strange biology (think blue blood and donut-shaped brains), and why these misunderstood creatures deserve our awe and protection.

Octopus conservation is becoming a hot topic thanks to a growing public fascination with cephalopods—sparked in part by documentaries like My Octopus Teacher. Mark and I discuss the ethical questions around octopus farming, the movement to grant them legal protections, and how young readers (and adults!) can become stewards of marine life. This episode is a fun, insightful, and important listen for ocean lovers of all ages.

Buy the book: https://www.orcabook.com/Octopus-Ocean

Website: https://www.leiren-young.com/

Energy policy shifts in the U.S. are sparking concern as the government rolls back environmental regulations to fast-track oil and gas drilling. In this episode, we examine how these rollbacks could jeopardize ecosystems, especially marine environments, and undermine efforts to transition to clean energy sources.

Environmental protections have long served as safeguards for biodiversity and climate resilience, but these new changes prioritize short-term energy gains over long-term sustainability. We discuss the potential consequences for marine protected areas, public health, and climate policy, and what you can do to take action.

Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) have become integral components of Canadian science funding. In this episode, we explore Pierre Poilievre's plan to strip funding from research programs that incorporate so-called "woke" policies like EDI. We examine how EDI policies are currently embedded in major grants from NSERC, SSHRC, CIHR, and more, and discuss what could be at stake for Canada's research innovation if these changes move forward.

Pierre Poilievre's proposal has sparked a broader debate within the Canadian academic and scientific communities. Many fear that removing EDI requirements could turn back progress made toward ensuring more inclusive and impactful research environments. We'll dive into what these policies actually achieve, why they were implemented, and the potential future of science in Canada.

Fisheries: In this episode, we see the surprising news that the U.S. government is opening up parts of its marine protected areas (MPAs) to commercial fishing. This rollback of protections in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument has sparked debate about the future of sustainable fisheries and marine biodiversity.

Ocean: We explore what this decision signals for global ocean governance and why it could undermine years of conservation progress. Focusing on political motivations and international implications, we ask the hard questions: Are MPAs truly protected if they can be so easily undone? And how should ocean advocates respond?

Great Barrier Reef bleaching is accelerating at a dangerous pace, and yet, hope rises from a unique blend of technology, data, and collective action. In this powerful episode, Andrew talks to Andy Ridley, the founding CEO of Citizens of the Reef, about how they are building one of the most ambitious citizen science movements on the planet. They discuss how climate change rapidly degrades one of the world’s natural wonders and how empowering ordinary people to contribute data can shift the tide toward reef recovery.

Citizen science plays a key role in understanding reef health on a massive scale—especially when the area is as vast as the U.S. West Coast. Andy Ridley shares how his organization merges real-time data collection, AI, and local participation to inform reef management and climate resilience. If you’ve ever wondered how tech, policy, and everyday action can converge to protect the ocean, this episode is a must-listen.

Website: https://citizensgbr.org/

Ocean conservation is more than a job—it’s a calling. In this episode, we sit down with McKenzie Margereth, known online as McKnsea, who shares her inspiring journey of making bold career decisions in marine biology while becoming a powerful voice for science communication on social media. Her story highlights the challenges and triumphs of balancing a full-time role in marine science with a passion for educating the public about the ocean.

Science communication becomes a lifeline when it’s driven by love for the sea. McKenzie opens up about the emotional and professional toll of choosing between fieldwork, further education, and content creation. We dive deep into how she built a personal brand, made sacrifices to stay true to her ocean roots, and continues to advocate for marine conservation using platforms like TikTok. This episode is a must-listen for anyone wondering how to turn their marine science dream into a lifestyle of impact.

Mckenzie's Tiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@mckensea
Mckenzie's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/_mckensea/

Coral restoration is often seen as a beacon of hope for our oceans—but are we putting too much faith in it? In this episode, we dive into why coral bleaching has become an annual event, especially on the Great Barrier Reef, and whether restoration can keep up with the pace of climate change. We explore what recurring stress events mean for the long-term survival of reefs and how restoration, while helpful, might be insufficient if larger systemic issues like warming seas and pollution aren’t addressed.

Restoration is discussed not just as a solution, but as a strategy that needs to be reconsidered in light of the science. What happens when reefs bleach four years in a row? What’s the ecological and financial cost of trying to rebuild what’s actively being destroyed? This episode challenges listeners to rethink what ocean conservation should prioritize in the fight for the future of coral reefs.

Rebuilding fisheries in Canada: Capelin biomass is only at 16% of its pre-collapse level, which spells disaster for northern cod's recovery. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, host Andrew Lewin breaks down the troubling state of Canada’s east coast fisheries. With DFO ignoring science-based recommendations, capelin is being harvested despite dangerously low numbers—and the ripple effects are hurting northern cod and entire coastal ecosystems.

Northern cod cannot recover without capelin, their primary prey, yet management plans still treat these species separately. Andrew explores the science behind this ecological link, why Oceana Canada is calling for an immediate pause on the capelin fishery, and how outdated management approaches are failing both fish and fishers. It’s time for bold leadership, honest science communication, and smarter fisheries policy.

Shark communication is critical in changing their "man-eating" reputation from the movie Jaws. Sharks need protection so telling people about the wonders of sharks is essential.

Marine biology is more than just a job — it’s a lifestyle driven by passion and purpose. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, host Andrew Lewin speaks with marine biologist Kenzie Horton, who shares how her love for the ocean shaped her career. Based in Florida, Kenzie juggles a full-time role in state government, a master’s degree researching white sharks, and a growing platform on TikTok where she busts marine science myths and offers ocean safety tips.

Ocean science communication is at the heart of Kenzie’s mission. She uses humor, storytelling, and relatable advice to connect with a broad audience online — from what swimsuits not to wear in the ocean to real shark science. If you’re curious about how to blend marine conservation with viral content or want to know how to break into the field of marine biology, this episode is a must-listen.

De-extinction is no longer just science fiction. In this episode, we dive into the controversial concept of bringing back extinct species—specifically the dire wolf—using cutting-edge genetic engineering. Inspired by the headline-grabbing efforts to resurrect woolly mammoths, scientists are now exploring how DNA from ancient canids could be used to reintroduce this Ice Age predator into modern ecosystems.

Genetic engineering plays a central role in this story. From piecing together fragmented DNA to editing modern genomes, researchers face significant scientific, ethical, and ecological hurdles. What would it mean to bring back a dire wolf? Would the creature truly be a dire wolf—or a hybrid imitation? We explore what’s possible, what’s fantasy, and what responsibilities come with resurrecting the past.

Intersex marine mammals are an exceptionally rare topic in marine biology, and in this episode, we dive into a groundbreaking discovery of an intersex southern right whale. The whale, sampled in 1989, was recently found to possess XY chromosomes through genetic testing. This revelation opens up new conversations about sex differentiation in marine species and the complexities of whale biology that scientists are only beginning to uncover.

Southern right whale research has long been essential to ocean conservation, but this case adds an entirely new layer. Through a discussion of how genetic tests were used to identify the condition, we explore what this discovery means for marine science, the implications for studying biodiversity, and how it might shape future marine mammal research. Tune in to hear about a unique scientific moment that redefines our understanding of sex in the ocean world.

Link to article: https://nautil.us/discovering-the-first-intersex-southern-right-whale-1201412/

Deep sea mining is making headlines as the United States considers allowing operations within its boundaries. In this episode, Andrew Lewin dives into a recent development involving a Canadian company, The Metals Company, that is pushing to mine the deep sea in US territory. What does this mean for the environment, international law, and ocean conservation?

The US government’s stance on deep sea mining could shift the global conversation around ocean resource extraction. Andrew explores the political, environmental, and legal implications of this move, the role of the International Seabed Authority, and how listeners can take action to protect the ocean before it’s too late.

Links:

Southern Fried Science Article: https://www.southernfriedscience.com/the-metals-company-has-a-jones-act-problem/

Carissa Cabrera's TikTok post: https://www.tiktok.com/@carissaandclimate/video/7487726688885935402?lang=en

Fisheries are more than just the act of catching fish—they’re tightly woven into the fabric of science, activism, and community livelihoods. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, we speak with Eva van Heukelom about the many layers of fisheries management and how sustainable practices are shaped not just by data and tradition but by the legal frameworks that support them.

Law plays a central role in determining how ocean resources are accessed, protected, and managed. Eva walks us through how international agreements, national regulations, and local community rights all intersect when it comes to fishing. From exclusive economic zones to the high seas, we learn what it takes to make sense of a complex global system. Whether you’re a seafood lover, conservationist, or curious learner, this episode brings clarity to a subject that impacts us all.

Natural Justice Website: https://naturaljustice.nl/

Ocean conservation careers often don’t follow a predictable path—and that’s completely normal. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, host Andrew Lewin shares why expecting a traditional, linear route in marine biology or conservation can lead to frustration. Instead, he reflects on the non-linear journeys many professionals, including himself, have taken to find meaningful work in the field.

Marine biology career advice is often focused on degrees and academic milestones, but Andrew explains how flexibility, adaptability, and following your passion can lead to unexpected and fulfilling roles in science, communication, education, and policy. If you’ve ever questioned whether you’re “on the right path,” this episode is the encouragement you need to keep going.

Ocean conversations matter more than we think. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, Andrew Lewin explores how the simple act of bringing up marine topics in everyday conversations—with friends, at restaurants, during social gatherings—can lead to a ripple effect of awareness, engagement, and ultimately, protection. The ocean affects all of us, yet it’s rarely discussed in casual settings. So why not change that?

Marine protection starts with awareness, and awareness begins with talk. This episode dives into why we need to normalize ocean discussions just like we do politics, weather, or sports. You’ll learn how these small shifts in dialogue can lead to bigger cultural changes—supporting conservation, encouraging ocean literacy, and fostering a community that genuinely cares for our blue planet. Whether you’re a surfer, a scientist, or someone who just enjoys a beach vacation, you have a voice. Let’s use it to protect what we love.

D and D can help with environmental education by creating immersive, story-driven learning experiences that engage students on a deeper level. In this episode, we speak with Dr. Andrew Thaler, who’s using Dungeons and Dragons (D&D) to teach environmental concepts in a way that feels more like play than a lesson. Through world-building, role-playing, and strategic storytelling, students aren’t just learning—they’re adventuring through ecosystems, facing climate-related challenges, and discovering how natural systems work in real time.

Environmental education is often limited to textbooks and lectures, but D&D turns abstract concepts into living, breathing quests. Whether it’s battling pollution monsters or restoring magical coral reefs, players develop a better understanding of ecological relationships and environmental issues while having fun. If you’re a teacher, game master, or environmental advocate, this episode will show you how fantasy and education can combine to create a lasting impact in and out of the classroom.

Campaign: https://www.dmsguild.com/product/505687/The-Last-Hunt-for-the-Jabberwock

Plastic pollution is one of the most pressing threats to our oceans today. In this episode, we explore how microplastics—tiny fragments of plastic waste—make their way into tropical marine ecosystems and cause lasting damage. Whether it’s through broken-down consumer products or fishing gear, plastic pollution infiltrates ocean habitats and harms marine life in ways we’re just beginning to understand.

Coral reefs, often called the rainforests of the sea, are especially vulnerable to plastic pollution. These vital ecosystems support biodiversity, protect coastlines, and sustain livelihoods. Dr. Lisa Rodrigues, a professor at Villanova University, shares her research on how microplastics impact coral health, disrupt growth, and even contribute to disease in reef systems. Plastics can also alter water quality and affect the delicate balance that coral reefs depend on to thrive.

Marine debris isn’t just unsightly—it’s a serious ecological problem. From lionfish to tiny plankton, organisms across the food chain are ingesting plastics or suffering from habitat degradation. Dr. Rodrigues explains how even pristine-looking beaches can hide layers of microplastics beneath the surface. We also discuss how citizen science, beach cleanups, and community involvement play key roles in fighting plastic waste in coastal areas.

Ocean conservation efforts must include tackling plastic pollution at its source. In this episode, we talk about the role of environmental policy, education, and innovation in reducing marine plastic waste. Whether you’re an activist, student, diver, or beach lover, there are actionable ways you can help protect coral reefs and reduce the plastic footprint in our oceans.

Global tuna fisheries are facing mounting pressure from overfishing, bycatch, and unsustainable fishing practices. Gala Moreno from the International Sustainable Seafood Foundation (ISSF) shares her expert insights on the current state of tuna populations and the urgent need for sustainable solutions. She explains how ISSF is collaborating with fishers, policymakers, and scientists to create strategies that protect tuna stocks while supporting the fishing industry. From improving fishing gear to implementing science-based management, Gala provides a clear picture of what it takes to maintain a healthy balance between conservation and commercial interests.

One of the most fascinating parts of the conversation is Gala’s insight into Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs). She breaks down how these devices work to attract fish, the environmental risks they pose, and the innovative strategies being developed to minimize their impact — including non-entangling and biodegradable FADs. Gala also discusses the exciting advancements in acoustic technology that are helping fishers identify tuna species more accurately, reducing bycatch and improving fishing efficiency.

This episode offers a powerful look at the intersection of science, policy, and industry in protecting one of the ocean’s most valuable resources. Gala’s expertise highlights the importance of collaboration and data-driven decision-making in shaping the future of sustainable tuna fisheries. Whether you’re passionate about marine conservation or simply curious about where your seafood comes from, this conversation is packed with valuable insights.

International Sustainable Seafood Foundation (ISSF): https://www.iss-foundation.org/

Marine conservation is in trouble — and the biggest problem isn’t just pollution or overfishing. The real issue is that people are becoming disconnected from the ocean, and that lack of concern is threatening marine ecosystems worldwide. In this episode, I’m reporting from Oahu, Hawaii, where I’ve witnessed firsthand the troubling signs of ocean health decline — and why fewer people seem to care.

Ocean protection is critical, but public interest in marine issues is fading. People aren’t engaging with the pressing issues of climate change, coral reef degradation, and marine biodiversity loss the way they used to. If we can’t shift this narrative and rebuild a connection with the ocean, conservation efforts may fail.

Sustainable ocean management and marine advocacy are more important than ever. I’ll share why this disconnect is happening, what it means for the future of our oceans, and how we can take meaningful action to change course. Tune in to discover the truth about marine conservation — and why restoring our connection to the ocean is key to saving it.

🎧 Listen now to learn why reconnecting with the ocean is essential for effective conservation!

False killer whale strandings in Tasmania are rare; however, on February 20, 2025, approximately 157 whales stranded and passed away, with at least 99 being euthanized after multiple attempts to float them back into the ocean failed.

In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, I dive into the tragic stranding of 157 false killer whales on Tasmania’s northwest coast in February 2025. Despite the heroic efforts of rescuers, the event ended with the euthanasia of the remaining survivors. We’ll explore the possible causes behind this heartbreaking event, what it reveals about marine ecosystems, and how we can better protect aquatic life in the future.

The Panama Canal expansion allowed bigger ships to move through the canal; however, it also allowed an invasion of saltwater and saltwater fish into a freshwater lake, which threatened freshwater fish species and half of the country's drinking water.

I dive into the unintended consequences of the 2016 Panama Canal expansion. Saltwater species from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans are now invading Lake Gatún, displacing native freshwater fish and jeopardizing the water supply for nearly half of Panama’s population.

Find out how this ecological shift is affecting local communities and the potential solutions Panama is considering to address this growing crisis. 

Link to article: https://www.thecooldown.com/outdoors/panama-canal-expansion-fish-invasion-lake-gatun/?utm_source=flipboard&utm_content=TheCoolDown/magazine/The+Cool+Down

How is the rise in tourism affecting manta rays in Hawaii? Martina Wing shares her firsthand experience with the challenges of growing tourism and its impact on manta ray populations. Learn how Martina is working to protect these majestic creatures and what needs to change to ensure their survival. This eye-opening conversation reveals the delicate balance between eco-tourism and marine conservation.

Websites:
www.MantaRayAdvocates.com
www.HawaiiOceanWatch.org

In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, we dive into the recent layoffs at NOAA and EPA, which have led to over a thousand scientists and environmental professionals losing their jobs. What does this mean for climate research, weather forecasting, and environmental protection? Join us as we unpack the consequences and what can be done to support these critical agencies.

How do you get people interested in learning about the ocean? In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, we speak with Bahamian artist and educator Javan Hunt, who combines music and education to inspire the next generation of ocean stewards. Discover how his nonprofit work is helping kids in the Bahamas connect with their marine environment and why their backyard is key to conservation. Join us for a conversation on culture, biodiversity, and the power of storytelling to protect our oceans.

🎧 Listen now and subscribe for more ocean conservation insights!

How much do we truly depend on weather forecasting? Whether it’s planning our daily commute, scheduling outdoor events, or making critical decisions for agriculture and disaster preparedness, we rely on meteorologists and weather models more than we realize. But how accurate are these predictions, and what happens when they go wrong?

In this episode, we dive into the fascinating world of weather forecasting with meteorologist Dave Jones. We explore the technology behind weather predictions, why forecasts sometimes miss the mark, and how climate change is making weather patterns more unpredictable. Discover just how much our daily lives, economies, and even safety depend on getting the weather right!

🔹 Topics Covered:

✔️ Why we depend on weather forecasts more than we think

✔️ The science behind weather models and predictions

✔️ How inaccuracies impact our daily lives and industries

✔️ The role of climate change in forecasting challenges

✔️ The future of weather prediction technology

Are OECMs (Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures) just as effective as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in protecting biodiversity? In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, we break down the differences, benefits, and challenges of OECMs, particularly in Canada’s conservation strategy. Learn how fisheries closures and Indigenous-led conservation initiatives contribute to marine biodiversity and whether they should be counted toward Canada’s 30x30 target.

🔹 What are OECMs, and how do they compare to MPAs?

🔹 Can fisheries closures serve as effective conservation tools?

🔹 How do OECMs support Canada’s marine biodiversity targets?

Tune in to explore how these conservation measures fit into global marine protection efforts.

#OECMs #MarineProtectedAreas #Biodiversity #OceanConservation #SustainableFishing #30x30 #FisheriesManagement #ClimateAction #MarineEcosystems #Oceans #ConservationScience #MPAs #SustainableOceans

The vaquita porpoise (Phocoena sinus) is the rarest marine mammal, with fewer than 10 individuals remaining in the wild. Found only in Mexico’s Gulf of California, this elusive species is critically endangered due to illegal gillnet fishing for totoaba, a fish highly valued in Chinese markets.

💡 But new conservation technology is offering hope! In this video, we explore:

✅ What makes the vaquita unique

✅ Why gillnets are the biggest threat

✅ How drones, sonar, and AI are being used to detect illegal fishing

✅ The latest conservation efforts by scientists and organizations like Sea Shepherd

✅ What YOU can do to help prevent the extinction of this incredible species!

🔔 Subscribe for more ocean conservation content!

👍 Like this video if you support vaquita conservation!

💬 Comment below: Should more tech be used to protect endangered species?

📌 Learn More & Get Involved:

➡️ WWF Vaquita Conservation

➡️ Sea Shepherd Vaquita Campaign

➡️ CITES Totoaba Trade Ban

#Vaquita #SaveTheVaquita #MarineConservation #OceanWildlife #EndangeredSpecies #WildlifeProtection #ConservationTechnology 

Discover how sustainable supply chains are transforming businesses worldwide! In this insightful interview, Christophe Girardier dives into the challenges and innovations in supply chain sustainability. From reducing carbon footprints to adopting ethical sourcing practices, learn how companies are making a real impact on the environment and their bottom line. Don’t miss this conversation about the future of sustainable business!

🔹 Topics Covered:

✔️ Sustainable supply chain strategies

✔️ ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) practices

✔️ Reducing carbon emissions in logistics

✔️ Ethical and responsible sourcing

✔️ The future of green business

The plastic straw ban was meant to be a win for the environment—but why did it fail? In this video, we break down what went wrong, why people resisted, and what behavioral science teaches us about designing better conservation campaigns. 🌊🚯

We’ll explore:

✅ Why plastic straws became a target for bans

✅ The backlash and why some people rebelled against the ban

✅ How psychological and behavior change theories explain resistance

✅ Smarter ways to design future conservation efforts that actually work

If we want to protect the ocean from plastic pollution, we need to rethink our approach. Watch to learn how we can move beyond bans and create real, lasting change!

Are you a figure skater, hockey player, or just love gliding on ice? ❄️ Imagine skating on a surface that feels like real ice—but with zero refrigeration and lower energy costs! ⚡🌍

In this video, we explore Glice, an innovative synthetic ice that offers an eco-friendly alternative to traditional rinks. Find out how it works, why it’s changing the game, and how you can experience the future of skating!

🔔 Subscribe for more sustainable innovations!

📩 Share this with fellow skaters and rink owners!

Did you know that killer whales (Orcinus orca) are taking down great white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in South Africa? 🦈🐋 In this video, we break down groundbreaking research that provides genetic evidence of orcas hunting and preying on white sharks! Scientists analyzed bite wounds on a white shark carcass and found killer whale DNA, confirming this apex predator battle.

Why does this matter? The absence of great whites in certain areas due to orca predation could change entire marine ecosystems! 🌊 Discover how this interaction reshapes the ocean food chain, why orcas target shark livers, and what it means for conservation.

Link to article: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.70786

In this episode, we explore the alarming assault on science happening within the U.S. government, specifically targeting NOAA (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) and the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Discover how these essential organizations are being undermined, why it matters for our planet, and what we can do to support evidence-based decision-making in environmental policies.

Join us as we unpack the critical role of NOAA and the EPA in protecting our environment and why their work is more vital than ever. 🌍

🔔 Don’t forget to like, share, and subscribe for more insights on ocean conservation and environmental protection.

Andrew Lewin and Tao Leigh Goffe dive deep into the intersection of storytelling, culture, and the urgent issue of climate change with renowned scholar Tao Leigh Goffe. Through an engaging conversation, we explore how storytelling serves as a bridge between individuals, communities, and the global climate crisis. Tao highlights the importance of amplifying voices from marginalized and vulnerable communities on the frontlines of environmental change.

We discuss the power of cultural narratives to inspire action, reframe perspectives, and foster empathy in addressing the climate crisis. Tao emphasizes how the arts, history, and personal storytelling can challenge dominant narratives about climate change, making the issue more accessible and emotionally impactful.

The episode also examines the ocean's role in storytelling, its significance to cultural identity, and how its degradation affects communities worldwide. Join us for a thought-provoking discussion on how storytelling can be a transformative tool in mobilizing change, preserving cultural heritage, and fostering a collective commitment to protecting our planet.

Link to Tao's Book: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/725301/dark-laboratory-by-tao-leigh-goffe/ 
Website: https://www.taoleighgoffe.com/

Are harmful algal blooms (HABs) endangering whales? In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, we explore how HABs might disorient whales, putting them in dangerous situations. Drawing on insights from studies and an article from Mongabay News, I discuss the science, controversies, and potential conservation solutions.

Tune in to learn more about this critical ocean health issue and what can be done to protect marine life. 

Link to article: https://news.mongabay.com/2025/02/study-suggests-algal-blooms-disorient-whales-putting-them-in-danger/

Polar bears affected by climate change saw the Hudson Bay population decrease from 1,200 individuals to 600 individuals. We explore the alarming decline of polar bear populations in the western part of Hudson Bay, Canada. Scientists have recorded a drastic decrease from 1,200 to 600 individuals, largely due to climate change and the loss of Arctic sea ice. We discuss the impact of rising temperatures, shifting food sources, and conservation efforts to protect these iconic predators. Join us as we uncover the latest research, the challenges ahead, and what can be done to support polar bear conservation in the face of a warming planet.

Link to article: https://abcnews.go.com/US/climate-change-impacted-polar-bear-populations/story?id=118217343

Sustainable alcohol brand, Holistic Spirits Co. gets B Corp status and Amy Holmwood, Founder and CEO of Holistic Spirits Co., is here to talk about how her company is transforming the alcoholic beverage industry through sustainability. Amy shares how Holistic Spirits Co. is committed to ethical sourcing, using natural ingredients, and reducing environmental impact throughout production. The conversation dives into how sustainable practices in the spirits industry can make a positive difference for both consumers and the planet, offering insights on making eco-friendly choices when enjoying your favorite drinks.

Holistic Spirits Co. website: https://drinkholistic.com/ 
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/origenholisticspirits/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/holisticspiritsco
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3zDy_Mwi1v3uDTkGPdGxdA

Cold-Stunned sea turtles in Florida needed rescue after they were caught in a cold snap in the ocean.

In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, we dive into the dramatic rescue of 17 sea turtles found cold-stunned off the coast of northern Florida after an unexpected deep freeze. I’ll explain what cold-stunning is, how it affects sea turtles, and why sudden temperature drops are becoming more common. You’ll hear about the incredible efforts of the Loggerhead Marinelife Center in rehabilitating these turtles and helping them recover. Plus, we’ll explore how climate change is impacting sea turtle habitats and migrations—and I’ll share simple actions you can take to protect these amazing creatures and their ocean homes. Stay tuned for an inspiring story of resilience and conservation!

Link to Article: https://apnews.com/article/coldstunned-turtle-florida-4d47d028b94a750b2ca58784b13c1d39

Governments worldwide are failing to keep up with the urgent need for ocean conservation policies. From climate change to overfishing and plastic pollution, we see the effects of delayed action everywhere. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, we break down why policies are lagging, the challenges of government decision-making, and how we can push for transformative change.

We’ll discuss:

✅ Why policy language is confusing and how to decode it

✅ The importance of science-driven decision-making

✅ How biodiversity, climate change, and pollution are interconnected

✅ The role of nature-based solutions and urban green spaces

✅ Why supporting Indigenous knowledge is key to sustainable policies

We need to demand that our governments listen to experts and act NOW before it’s too late. Watch until the end to learn how YOU can take action!

This bait ball in Australia surprised beachgoers at Manly Beach last week as three separate bait balls combined to form one huge ball. The bait ball is a natural process that fish use to help protect themselves against predators such as sharks, tuna, swordfish, marine mammals, and seabirds. If this was a natural process, then why were beachgoers asked to get out of the water?

Summary

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses a fascinating natural phenomenon that occurred at Manly Beach in Australia: the formation of a large bait ball. A bait ball is created when schools of fish come together in a tight formation to protect themselves from predators. This behavior is a survival strategy, as being part of a larger group reduces individual vulnerability to attacks.

The episode highlights the rare occurrence of this bait ball close to shore, which prompted lifeguards to evacuate swimmers for safety. Lewin explains that while bait balls are often seen in the open ocean, their presence in shallow waters can attract various predators, making it crucial for beachgoers to stay out of the water during such events.

The podcast also touches on the excitement generated by drone footage capturing the bait ball, likening it to scenes from nature documentaries. This event not only showcases the dynamic interactions within marine ecosystems but also emphasizes the importance of understanding these natural behaviors for ocean conservation. Overall, the episode serves as a reminder of the intricate relationships in the ocean and the need for awareness and protection of marine life.

Link to article: Link to article: https://au.news.yahoo.com/swimmers-ordered-out-of-water-as-rarely-seen-natural-event-swamps-aussie-beach-030212036.html

Deep sea mining: what happened in 2024? You need to know about the industry activity that occurred in 2024. The was a leadership change in the International Seabed Authority (ISA), Norway was going to explore deep sea mining, but didn't, and why my guest, Dr. Andrew Thaler won't sign on to approved deep sea mining as it is written.

In the podcast episode, host Andrew Lewin and Dr. Andrew Thaler discuss significant developments in the deep sea mining industry throughout 2024. Here are the key activities and events highlighted:

• Norway's Exploration Plans: At the beginning of 2024, Norway announced plans to issue exploration permits for deep sea mining of inactive hydrothermal vents in its national waters. This decision surprised many, given Norway's strong environmental stance. However, by December 2024, due to political negotiations and pressure from smaller parties in parliament, Norway scrapped these plans.
• International Seabed Authority (ISA) Leadership Change: A major shift occurred with the election of Letitia Carvalho as the new Secretary General of the ISA, replacing Michael Lodge, who had been pro-mining. Carvalho, an oceanographer and former UNEP official, is expected to bring a more science-based and environmentally conscious approach to the ISA's negotiations and policies regarding deep sea mining.
• Ongoing Negotiations: The ISA has been working on a unitary mining code that covers all types of deep sea mining, including polymetallic nodule mining, hydrothermal vent mining, and seamount mining. Dr. Thaler expressed concerns that this approach could allow the worst forms of mining to proceed alongside potentially less harmful practices.
• Environmental Concerns: The episode emphasizes the environmental implications of deep sea mining, particularly the irreversible damage that could result from mining hydrothermal vents, which are unique ecosystems. The discussion also touches on the potential for new research, such as the "dark oxygen" study, which suggests that polymetallic nodules may play a role in oxygen production in deep sea environments.
• Geopolitical Factors: The episode highlights the geopolitical motivations behind deep sea mining, particularly for countries like the U.S., which is looking to secure access to critical minerals amid tensions with China. This has led to discussions about refining polymetallic nodules in the U.S. to enhance resource independence.
• Technological Advancements: Dr. Thaler notes that advancements in battery technology, such as solid-state and sodium batteries, may reduce the demand for metals sourced from deep sea mining, potentially impacting the industry's future viability.

Overall, 2024 was a tumultuous year for deep sea mining, marked by significant political shifts, ongoing debates about environmental impacts, and evolving technological landscapes.

Helpful Links: 1) Southern Fried Science: https://www.southernfriedscience.com/deep-sea-mining-what-went-down-in-2024/ 
2) Deep Sea Mining Leadership Change: https://youtu.be/cq7VaQDk_Wc
3) Dark Oxygen in the Deep Sea: https://youtu.be/Sc3gu3gHHOY

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses the significant executive actions Donald Trump took on his first day in office that will impact ocean policies. The episode highlights several key policies that were revoked or altered, which pose threats to the ocean environment:

1. Revocation of Biden's Executive Orders: Trump rescinded multiple executive orders from the Biden administration to protect public health and the environment and address the climate crisis. This included orders that directed federal agencies to confront climate change and protect marine ecosystems.

2. Removal of Offshore Exploration Protections: Trump’s actions included the removal of protections against offshore oil and natural gas exploration on the outer continental shelf. This could lead to increased drilling activities, which are detrimental to marine environments.

3. National Energy Emergency Declaration: Trump declared a national energy emergency, which expedited the review and permitting processes for new oil and gas production. This declaration is seen as favoring fossil fuels over renewable energy sources, despite the latter being more cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

4. Halting Offshore Wind Projects: In a contradictory move, Trump issued a temporary withdrawal of all areas on the outer continental shelf from offshore wind leasing. This decision undermines the development of renewable energy sources that could help mitigate climate change.

5. Dismantling of the Civil Service: The reinstatement of Schedule F allows for the conversion of career civil servants into political appointees, which could weaken the scientific integrity and effectiveness of agencies like NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and BOEM (Bureau of Ocean Energy Management).

6. Withdrawal from the Paris Climate Accord: Trump’s decision to pull out of the Paris Agreement removes the U.S. from international climate negotiations, limiting its ability to influence global climate policy and potentially exacerbating ocean-related issues.

The episode emphasizes the importance of public engagement and advocacy to counter these policies, urging listeners to contact their representatives to express support for ocean protection initiatives.

Link to article: https://www.southernfriedscience.com/how-donald-trumps-day-1-executive-actions-impact-the-ocean/ 

Solar panels on boats are the future of boating not because it's good for the environment (that is just a bonus), but because the engines are quiet and there is no smell.

Host Andrew Lewin interviews Simon Angus, the CEO of Open Water Solar, a company specializing in flexible and durable solar panels designed for boats. The discussion highlights the importance of transitioning to electric power sources in the marine industry to reduce noise pollution and environmental impact.

Key Points:

• The Problem with Traditional Power Sources: Simon shares his experiences as a sailor and engineer, emphasizing the drawbacks of conventional diesel engines, including noise and pollution, which disrupt marine life, particularly whales.

• Innovative Solar Solutions: Open Water Solar has developed solar panels that are lightweight, flexible, and designed to fit the contours of various boats. These panels aim to maximize real estate utilization on boats, addressing common issues with traditional solar panels, such as micro-cracking and shading.

• Performance and Efficiency: The solar panels can generate sufficient power to run essential systems on boats, allowing for extended trips without the need to plug into shore power. Simon mentions a case study where a boat circumnavigated Vancouver Island without needing to plug in, relying solely on solar energy.

• Customization and Versatility: The company offers custom solutions for existing boats, allowing boat owners to retrofit their vessels with solar panels tailored to their specific needs. This adaptability is crucial for maximizing energy generation.

• Future of Marine Electrification: The episode discusses the growing trend towards hybrid boats that combine diesel and electric power. Simon believes that as the industry moves towards electrification, solar panels will become a necessity rather than a luxury.

• Global Reach: Open Water Solar is already shipping panels internationally, indicating a strong demand for sustainable marine energy solutions.

Overall, the episode underscores the potential of solar technology to transform the boating industry, making it more sustainable and environmentally friendly while enhancing the experience of being on the water.

Website: https://openwaterssolar.com/

No, offshore wind does not cause whale strandings as stated by NOAA, the Marine Mammal Commission, and other government agencies. The rumor was started and perpetuated by the current president of the United States, Donald Trump; Fox News; fossil fuel-funded non-profit organizations; and the fishing communities along the East Coast as renewable energy threatens the fossil fuel industry.

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lewin addresses the concerns surrounding whale strandings along the East Coast of the U.S. and the claims that the offshore wind industry is to blame. Over the past few years, there has been an increase in whale strandings, leading various groups—including politicians, nonprofit organizations, and media outlets—to suggest a link to offshore wind farms.

However, Lewin emphasizes that extensive research conducted by NOAA and other academic institutions has found no evidence connecting the offshore wind industry to these strandings. The Marine Mammal Commission, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, and NOAA Fisheries support this conclusion, stating that the primary human threats to large whales are vessel strikes and entanglement in fishing gear, not offshore wind.

Lewin points out that the narrative blaming offshore wind is perpetuated by those with vested interests, such as the fossil fuel industry and fishing communities, who may feel threatened by the growth of renewable energy sources. He stresses the importance of relying on scientific evidence rather than misinformation spread through social media and certain media outlets.

The episode reinforces that there is no scientific basis for the claims linking offshore wind to whale strandings, and it highlights the need to focus on the real threats to whale populations, such as vessel strikes and fishing gear entanglement.

Link to Article: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/whales-are-dying-but-not-from-offshore-wind/

In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, host Angelo interviews Mark Zacharias, the Executive Director of Clean Energy Canada. The discussion centers around a rebuttal to an article published by the Fraser Institute, which claimed that renewable energy is going to be significantly more expensive than anticipated.

Mark Zacharias addresses three main arguments presented in the Fraser Institute article:

1. Renewable Energy Costs: The article suggests that renewable energy drives up costs and is intermittent, making electricity grids less reliable. Mark counters this by highlighting examples from jurisdictions like South Australia and Iowa, where the transition to renewable energy has led to lower electricity costs. He notes that in Alberta, recent renewable energy procurements have resulted in power bids as low as $0.05 per kilowatt hour, significantly cheaper than the retail electricity rates.

2. Impact of Climate Policies on the Grid: The article argues that climate policies, such as EV sales mandates and natural gas bans, will overwhelm the electricity grid. Mark refutes this by explaining that EVs have a minimal impact on grid demand and can even contribute to grid stability through vehicle-to-grid technologies. He also emphasizes the efficiency of heat pumps compared to traditional heating methods, which can lead to overall energy savings.

3. Electricity Imports and Structural Deficits: The article claims that Canada’s reliance on electricity imports indicates a structural deficit. Mark clarifies that while British Columbia has imported power during droughts, this practice allows for strategic management of resources and has resulted in significant profits from power trading. He argues that imports can be beneficial and do not signify a failure of the grid.

Throughout the conversation, Mark emphasizes the importance of updated information and the need to move beyond outdated narratives about renewable energy. He advocates for a future where clean energy is not only viable but also economically advantageous, countering the misconceptions perpetuated by the Fraser Institute's article.

Clean Energy Canada: https://cleanenergycanada.org/

Sparkling water without plastic bottles is not only good for your health (plastic bottles can cause health problems).

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lewin interviews Marcus O'Donovan, the founder of CO2U, a company that provides carbon dioxide cylinders for home sparkling water machines. The discussion centers around the intersection of entrepreneurship and sustainability, highlighting how CO2U addresses environmental concerns while offering a convenient product.

Key Points on Sustainability:

Convenience Over Single-Use Plastics: CO2U allows consumers to create sparkling water at home using tap water, significantly reducing the reliance on single-use plastic bottles. This shift not only minimizes plastic waste but also eliminates the carbon footprint associated with transporting bottled water.

Sustainable Business Model: The business model focuses on delivering CO2 cylinders directly to customers' homes and collecting empty ones, promoting a circular economy. This approach contrasts with traditional methods where consumers must return cylinders to collection points, making it more user-friendly and sustainable.

Innovative Solutions: Marcus discusses the introduction of a new aluminum refillable cylinder to replace disposable steel cylinders used in many sparkling water taps. This innovation aims to further reduce waste and enhance sustainability in the industry.

Authenticity in Sustainability: The episode emphasizes the importance of genuine sustainability efforts over greenwashing. Marcus expresses a desire to focus on authentic practices that truly benefit the environment, rather than just marketing claims.

Growth and Impact: Since its inception, CO2U has experienced significant growth, with a 500% increase in the second year. The company is expanding its reach across Europe, demonstrating that sustainable business practices can also be profitable.

Overall, the episode illustrates how CO2U not only meets consumer demand for sparkling water but also contributes positively to environmental sustainability by reducing plastic waste and promoting the use of tap water.

CO2YOU website: https://co2you.com/

In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses the devastating wildfires in Los Angeles, emphasizing the significant role climate change plays in their occurrence and intensity.

Lewin highlights that the wildfires are exacerbated by a phenomenon known as "hydroclimate whiplash," where California experiences extreme fluctuations between wet and dry conditions. In 2023, the state saw record precipitation and lush vegetation growth, but by 2024, drought conditions led to that vegetation drying out, creating ample fuel for wildfires. The situation was further intensified by the Santa Ana winds, which reached speeds of up to 90 miles per hour, allowing fires to spread rapidly and uncontrollably.

The episode underscores that these abrupt climate variations, intensified by global climate change, contribute to the increasing frequency and severity of wildfires. Lewin stresses that ignoring the science behind climate change and the resulting environmental conditions will only lead to more disasters, as seen in both California and Hawaii. He calls for urgent action and the election of decision-makers who acknowledge and are willing to address climate change effectively.

Overall, the episode serves as a somber reminder of the real and devastating impacts of climate change on communities, urging listeners to recognize the urgency of the situation and take action.

Environmental protections before the next president could be sworn in were implemented to help save 625 million acres of ocean from oil and gas exploration.

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses recent developments regarding the Gulf of Mexico and new protections for marine environments in the U.S.

Gulf of Mexico Name Change Proposal

The episode begins with a focus on Donald Trump's controversial proposal to rename the Gulf of Mexico to the "Gulf of America." Lewin explains that such a unilateral change is not feasible due to historical, cultural, and diplomatic considerations. The name "Gulf of Mexico" has been recognized internationally for centuries and reflects the region's shared history with Mexico and Cuba. Any attempt to rename it would require significant international consensus, which is unlikely given current diplomatic tensions. Lewin emphasizes that the U.S. cannot simply impose a new name on an internationally recognized body of water.

New Protections for Oceans

The podcast then shifts to President Joe Biden's recent actions aimed at protecting marine ecosystems. Biden has banned offshore drilling and gas drilling across 65 million acres of federal waters, including sensitive areas in the Atlantic, Arctic, Pacific Oceans, and the eastern Gulf of Mexico. This decision was made through an executive order invoking the 1953 Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, which grants the president broad authority to withdraw federal waters from future oil and gas leasing.

Lewin notes that while Biden's ban can be reversed by a future administration, it would require congressional approval, making it more challenging for Trump to undo the protections unilaterally. The episode highlights that the economic impact of this ban may be minimal in the short term, as existing offshore rigs continue to operate and new projects take years to develop.

Overall, the episode underscores the complexities surrounding the Gulf of Mexico's name and the importance of Biden's new protections for marine environments. Lewin invites listeners to share their thoughts on these developments and the future of ocean conservation.

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lewin interviews Carlos Mallo, the founder and CEO of Innoceana, an innovative marine conservation organization. Carlos shares his journey from being an engineer to a marine conservationist, highlighting the pivotal moments that led him to launch Innoceana.

Carlos grew up in Spain, surrounded by the ocean, which instilled in him a deep love for marine environments. He initially pursued a career in engineering, focusing on construction projects related to harbors and marinas. However, after a transformative trip to Thailand, where he volunteered at a marine conservation center, Carlos realized he wanted to dedicate his life to ocean conservation. This experience ignited his passion and prompted him to leave his stable engineering job.

Upon returning to Spain, Carlos faced the challenge of starting a non-profit organization without a clear plan. Encouraged by a contact from the Ministry of Environment, he gathered friends and family to help establish Innoceana. With limited resources, he relied on his savings and small grants to fund the organization in its early years.

Carlos's engineering background played a crucial role in shaping Innoceana's approach. He identified a gap in the conservation field where engineers could contribute significantly, particularly in assessing environmental conditions and developing innovative solutions. His first project involved collaborating with local dive centers in Thailand to measure water quality, which laid the groundwork for future initiatives.

Innoceana has since expanded its reach, focusing on community engagement and capacity building. Carlos emphasizes the importance of working with local communities to empower them in marine conservation efforts. The organization has launched various projects, including coral restoration, whale monitoring, and plastic cleanup initiatives, while also establishing a marine conservation center in the Canary Islands.

Overall, Carlos Mallo's journey illustrates the power of passion, innovation, and community collaboration in driving marine conservation efforts through Innoceana.

Website: https://innoceana.org/

Orca mourns second calf since 2018 in a devastating report that J35 was seen floating her dead calf on January 1st, 2025.

In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses the tragic story of J35, a Southern Resident Orca, who lost her second calf, J61, shortly after its birth. The episode highlights several critical factors contributing to the high mortality rate of orca calves in this endangered population, which currently numbers only 73 individuals.

Reasons for Calf Mortality:

1. Food Scarcity:

2. The primary prey of the Southern Resident Orcas, Chinook salmon, is in decline. The orcas rely exclusively on this species for sustenance, and with only a 20% survival rate for calves, the lack of adequate food supply is a significant concern. The orcas need a sufficient quantity of Chinook salmon to support their growth and health, especially during the early stages of life.

3. Chemical Contamination:

4. Orcas are among the most contaminated marine mammals due to bioaccumulation of toxins such as PCBs and DDT. These chemicals can impair reproductive and immune functions, potentially affecting the health of calves from birth. The presence of these toxins in the environment may contribute to the inability of calves to survive past their first year.

5. Environmental Disturbances:

6. Factors such as vessel noise and pollution disrupt the orcas' habitat, further complicating their survival. Increased shipping traffic and climate change exacerbate these issues, leading to a more challenging environment for the orcas.

7. Reproductive Challenges:

8. The Southern Resident Orcas are a long-lived species that take time to reach sexual maturity. With a low calf survival rate, the population struggles to maintain its numbers, especially as older individuals begin to pass away.

The episode emphasizes the urgent need for conservation efforts, including habitat restoration and pollution control, to improve the chances of survival for orca calves and the overall health of the Southern Resident Orca population.

Center For Whale Research: https://www.whaleresearch.com/

It takes a village to protect the ocean even though ocean conservation can sometimes feel lonely. Leaning on your community can help to inspire you to take more action for the sea.

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Luan emphasizes the vital role of community in ocean conservation efforts. He discusses how protecting the ocean can feel overwhelming for individuals, especially when faced with complex issues like climate change, overfishing, and plastic pollution. However, community involvement can transform this daunting task into a collective effort, providing support, knowledge, and motivation.

Key points include:

1. Shared Knowledge: Communities offer access to valuable resources and experiences. Learning from others who have successfully navigated local challenges can enhance individual effectiveness in advocacy.

2. Accountability and Motivation: Being part of a group fosters accountability. When individuals work alongside others, they are less likely to give up, as they can draw inspiration from each other's successes.

3. Amplifying Voices: A united community can significantly amplify individual voices. Collective action, such as signing petitions or attending public meetings, can lead to substantial changes that one person alone might not achieve.

4. Finding Your Community: Andrew encourages listeners to seek out local organizations, clubs, and online groups focused on ocean conservation. Engaging actively and bringing value to these communities is essential for personal growth and collective impact.

5. Upcoming Online Community: Andrew announces the launch of a new online community aimed at supporting individuals in becoming better advocates for the ocean. This platform will provide opportunities for connection, learning, and action.

Overall, the episode highlights that protecting the ocean is a shared responsibility that thrives in a supportive community, where individuals can find purpose, strength, and inspiration to continue their efforts despite challenges.

Sea Turtle Conservation in Florida is hard and it's about to get harder with the onset of increased intensity of hurricanes and increased sea level rise.

Sea Turtle Conservation has been successful over the past few decades with protection policies being implemented along Florida coastlines. Still, hurricane events and increased sea level rise can wipe out nests in one storm killing hundreds of thousands of sea turtles.

In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, host Andrew Lord discusses the challenges facing sea turtle conservation in Florida, particularly in light of climate change. While sea turtles have seen a resurgence due to decades of conservation efforts, new threats are emerging that jeopardize their future.

The episode highlights the impact of climate change, specifically the increase in hurricane intensity and rising sea levels, on sea turtle nesting. The 2024 hurricane season demonstrated these vulnerabilities, with storms like Hurricane Beryl and Hurricane Debbie destroying hundreds of nests along Florida's Gulf Coast. The physical toll on nesting beaches, including erosion and loss of habitat, poses a significant threat to the survival of sea turtles.

Sea turtles play a crucial role in marine ecosystems, maintaining the health of seagrass beds and coral reefs. Their decline could have far-reaching consequences for marine biodiversity. The episode emphasizes that protecting sea turtles from climate change impacts is a complex challenge that requires collective action.

Listeners are encouraged to support beach conservation programs, advocate for climate action, and get involved with local organizations dedicated to protecting sea turtles and their habitats. Despite the daunting challenges posed by climate change, the episode conveys a message of hope, urging individuals to take action to ensure the survival of these iconic marine creatures.

Link to article: https://phys.org/news/2024-12-florida-sea-turtle-success-story.html

Where do whales live? Where do they go? These are just some of the questions the US federal government would like to answer by introducing a bill (H.R. 10292) called the Whale CHARTS Act.

In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, host Andrew Lauren discusses the recently introduced Whale Conservation Habitat Analysis Research and Technical Strategies Act, also known as the Whale Charts Act. This bipartisan legislation aims to enhance the protection of baleen and sperm whales by improving our understanding of their feeding areas, calving grounds, and migration routes.

Key points covered in the episode include:

• Objectives of the Whale Charts Act: The bill seeks to create high-resolution distribution maps of whale populations, develop predictive models to forecast shifts in whale habitats due to climate change, and conduct targeted research on understudied baleen whale species.

• Importance of Mapping: Enhanced mapping and predictive modeling are crucial for preventing dangerous collisions between vessels and whales. The North Atlantic right whale, for example, is often struck by ships, and understanding their migration routes is essential for their conservation.

• Use of Technology: The act encourages the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to utilize innovative data sources, such as passive acoustic monitoring and satellite imagery, to improve the accuracy of habitat maps. This technology integration aims to safeguard marine wildlife while ensuring safer navigation for boaters.

• Bipartisan Support: The episode emphasizes that the Whale Charts Act has bipartisan support, making it a viable piece of legislation that could pass. Listeners are encouraged to contact their federal representatives to express support for the bill.

Overall, the episode highlights the significance of mapping and tracking whale populations not only for their protection but also for the safety of human activities in marine environments. By leveraging advanced technology and data, the Whale Charts Act represents a proactive step towards harmonizing maritime operations with the natural behaviors of whales.

Link to article: https://ecomagazine.com/news/policy/new-bill-introduced-to-improve-predictive-mapping-technology-for-whale-and-boater-safety/

US Congresspeople associated with the bill:

Rep. Vern Buchanan (R-Florida): https://buchanan.house.gov/constituent-validation 
Rep. Doris Matsui (D-California): https://matsuiforms.house.gov/contact/
Rep. Nicole Malliotakis(R-New York): https://malliotakis.house.gov/contact
Rep. Jared Huffman (D-California): https://huffman.house.gov/contact/

In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, host Andrew Luan discusses the significant decline in the population of common murres, a seabird species in Alaska, which has seen about half of its population die off—approximately 4 million individuals—since the marine heat wave known as "the blob" occurred from 2014 to 2016.

The primary reason for this drastic decline is linked to the effects of the heat wave on the marine food web rather than direct thermal stress on the birds themselves. The heat wave caused shifts in the availability of food sources, leading to starvation among the murres. The study highlighted that the murres rely heavily on oceanic food supplies, and disruptions in these supplies can have devastating impacts on their populations.

Research conducted by the University of Washington and the U.S. Fisheries and Wildlife Service revealed that the murre population in the Gulf of Alaska dropped by half, while in the eastern Bering Sea, the decline was even steeper at 75%. The study emphasized that without a recovery in the prey populations, the murres are unlikely to rebound, indicating a potential tipping point in the ecosystem that could prevent recovery for this species and others reliant on the same food sources.

Overall, the episode underscores the importance of understanding and funding research on marine ecosystems to address the long-term impacts of climate change and marine heat waves on wildlife populations.

Link to article: https://www.livescience.com/animals/birds/worst-die-off-of-a-single-species-in-the-modern-era-discovered-and-the-blob-was-to-blame

Mind your plastic pollution is a conversation that we all need to have because we all partake in using single-use plastic as the system is set up that way. 

In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, host Andrew Lewin engages in a conversation with Natasha Tucker, the Executive Director of Mind Your Plastic, a Canadian charity focused on eliminating plastic pollution. The discussion centers around the pervasive issue of plastic in our environment, emphasizing the need for behavioral change among individuals and businesses to reduce our dependence on plastics.

Key points from the episode include:

1. Understanding Plastic Pollution: The episode highlights how plastic is ubiquitous in our lives, affecting not only our oceans but also our health and the environment. The conversation underscores the importance of recognizing the impact of plastic pollution on both a local and global scale.

2. Behavioral Change: Natasha emphasizes that changing consumer habits is crucial. Many people are resistant to altering their behaviors, often clinging to convenience over sustainability. The episode discusses how small actions, such as opting for reusable items instead of single-use plastics, can lead to significant changes over time.

3. Education and Awareness: The importance of education in fostering awareness about plastic pollution is a recurring theme. Natasha shares her journey of engaging with the public through beach cleanups and educational programs, which not only help clean the environment but also inspire others to reconsider their consumption habits.

4. Targeted Messaging: The episode discusses the need for tailored messaging to connect with different audiences. For instance, when speaking to businesses, focusing on the financial benefits of reducing plastic use can be more effective than solely discussing environmental impacts. This approach helps to align sustainability with economic incentives.

5. Community Engagement: Natasha shares experiences from community cleanups, illustrating how direct involvement can lead to a greater understanding of the issue. Engaging with the community fosters a sense of responsibility and encourages individuals to take action against plastic pollution.

6. Policy and Advocacy: The conversation touches on the role of policy in addressing plastic pollution. Natasha explains how Mind Your Plastic advocates for stronger regulations and works with businesses to find sustainable alternatives to plastic.

In conclusion, the episode emphasizes that reducing our dependence on plastic pollution requires a collective effort involving education, community engagement, and a willingness to change behaviors. By making conscious choices and advocating for better policies, individuals can contribute to a healthier environment and a more sustainable future.

Mind Your Plastic Website: https://mindyourplastic.ca/

Plastic pollution clean up through absorption is now a possibility by using a combination of cotton and chittin to take microplastics out of the ocean...but can this work at scale?

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lo discusses the pressing issue of microplastics in the ocean and introduces a promising new method for their absorption using a combination of cotton and chitin.

The mechanism involves creating a sponge-like substance called CT cell biomass, which combines cellulose from cotton and chitin from squid. This innovative material is designed to effectively capture microplastics from water. The process begins by breaking the original hydrogen bonds in cellulose and chitin, allowing them to bind together and form a stable framework with numerous activated hydrogen bonding sites. This structure enhances the material's ability to absorb microplastics through various interactions, including physical interception and electrostatic attraction.

Research indicates that this foam can remove 98 to 99.9% of microplastics from water samples, showcasing its potential as an eco-friendly solution for addressing microplastic pollution. The episode emphasizes the importance of developing sustainable strategies for microplastic remediation in aquatic environments, while also highlighting the need for broader efforts to reduce plastic usage at the source.

Link to article: https://www.iflscience.com/new-sponge-like-biomass-foam-found-to-soak-up-999-percent-of-microplastics-77223

Orcas playing with their food is not a new behavior; however, wearing salmon on their heads is not usual. 

In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses a fascinating phenomenon involving orcas wearing salmon as hats. A recent photograph captured an orca in Puget Sound sporting a salmon on its head, reminiscent of similar behaviors observed in the 1980s when orcas from the southern resident population also donned salmon hats.

Lewin explores the potential reasons behind this behavior, suggesting it could be a playful act, a celebration of a successful hunt, or simply a sign of the orca's contentment due to an abundance of food, particularly during the chum salmon run. He emphasizes that orcas, known for their intelligence and emotional depth, exhibit unique personalities and behaviors, which can vary widely among individuals.

The episode highlights the importance of studying these behaviors to better understand orcas and marine mammals in general. Lewin encourages listeners to foster curiosity about ocean life and to engage with ongoing research efforts aimed at uncovering the mysteries of these remarkable animals. He invites listeners to share their questions about the ocean, promoting a dialogue about marine conservation and the intriguing behaviors of orcas.

Link to article: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/no-orcas-probably-arent-reviving-the-dead-salmon-hat-trend-despite-a-viral-photo-experts-say-heres-why-180985559/

Seashells on the seashore are being taken in large quantities and it's increasing erosion along beaches. A new study reveals the tourism industry is taking too many seashells along coastlines in Costa Rica. 

In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses the environmental impact of taking seashells from coastal areas, particularly in Costa Rica. He highlights a growing crisis where the removal of seashells, driven by tourism, destabilizes beaches, accelerates erosion, and harms marine ecosystems. Seashells are essential for various marine species, including hermit crabs, and play a crucial role in maintaining coral reefs and nutrient cycles.

Lewin shares a personal anecdote about a conversation with a friend who chooses not to engage in activities that could negatively impact local environments while traveling. This perspective emphasizes the importance of considering the local ecosystem and communities when visiting new places.

The episode reveals that in 2023 alone, authorities seized over five tons of seashells, complicating conservation efforts due to difficulties in tracing their origins. Innovative solutions, such as using AI technology to classify and return confiscated shells to their natural environments, are being developed to address this issue.

The podcast urges tourists to leave wildlife and natural resources, like seashells, untouched, promoting sustainable tourism practices. Lewin encourages listeners to appreciate the beauty of these natural elements without taking them home, reinforcing the idea that every species plays a vital role in ecological balance for future generations.

Link to article: https://ticotimes.net/2024/12/05/seashell-crisis-in-costa-rica-puts-coasts-at-the-risk-of-erosion

Abandoned fish farms in Greece are plaguing the coastline with marine debris; however, Healthy Seas is working to clean up some of the sites and raise awareness for support to tell the Greek government that fish farm owners should be responsible for cleaning up their sites once the business is done operating. 

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses the pressing issue of ghost farms—abandoned fish farms that are polluting oceans, particularly in Greece. The episode highlights the work of the organization Healthy Seas, which is actively involved in cleaning up these ghost farms.

Key Points:

• Definition of Ghost Farms: Ghost farms are abandoned fish farms that were once operational but have been left to deteriorate, leading to significant environmental pollution. Unlike ghost nets, which can be found randomly in the ocean, ghost farms are known sites with identifiable owners.

• Extent of the Problem: There are over 150 ghost farm sites identified in Greece, with one cleanup in 2024 removing over 40 tons of marine debris, including plastics and fishing nets. The cleanup costs range from 100,000 to 200,000 euros, depending on the site's location and accessibility.

• Healthy Seas' Approach: Healthy Seas, led by Veronica Mikos, began addressing this issue after encountering a local environmentalist while on a project in Greece. They have since cleaned up two ghost farms and are advocating for better policies and enforcement to prevent future abandonment.

• Challenges in Cleanup: The cleanups are labor-intensive and require specialized equipment. Many of the materials, such as polystyrene, degrade and pose risks to marine life, as fish may mistake them for food.

• Policy and Enforcement Issues: Although laws exist regarding environmental protection and aquaculture, enforcement is lacking. Veronica suggests that fish farming companies should be required to deposit funds to cover cleanup costs, ensuring accountability.

• Community Involvement and Awareness: Healthy Seas emphasizes the importance of raising awareness about ghost farms and involving local communities in discussions about aquaculture practices. They aim to educate future aquaculture professionals about the environmental responsibilities associated with fish farming.

The episode concludes with a call to action for better policies and community engagement to ensure that abandoned fish farms are cleaned up and that the aquaculture industry operates sustainably.

Healthy Seas Podcast: https://www.speakupforblue.com/show/speak-up-for-the-ocean-blue/show-199/

YouTube Video from Healthy Seas: https://youtu.be/yu56xH8MQxg?si=--VsZQIK7fk3yhlO

In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses the fascinating behavior of orcas, particularly their recent predation on whale sharks, the largest fish in the ocean.

Orcas, known as apex predators, have been observed hunting whale sharks in the Gulf of California. This behavior was documented in a new study published in the journal Frontiers of Marine Science, which includes video footage and images of the attacks. The orcas target the whale sharks by striking their underbelly and grabbing their pectoral fins, aiming for the nutrient-rich liver, similar to their hunting strategies for great white sharks.

The study tracked four predation events over six years, highlighting a male orca named Moctezuma, who participated in three of these events alongside females from the same pod. This suggests that the orcas are learning and refining their hunting techniques over time.

Lewin emphasizes the importance of understanding this new predation behavior, as it indicates that whale sharks have a formidable predator. He also stresses the need for conservation efforts to protect whale sharks, which face threats from climate change, pollution, and fishing activities. The episode concludes with a call for further research and discussion on the implications of orcas hunting whale sharks and the overall health of marine ecosystems.

Link to article: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1448254/full#supplementary-material

Buy Now: The Shopping Conspiracy is a documentary that was released on Netflix a week before Black Friday. The movie reveals the shocking truth about how large corporations manipulate consumers to increase their profits at the peril of the consumer's wallet and the planet's health.

In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses the recently released Netflix documentary, Buy Now: The Shopping Conspiracy. The episode focuses on the themes of consumerism, overconsumption, and their environmental impacts, especially in the context of the holiday shopping season.

Major Points Discussed:

Consumer Culture and Overconsumption:

The documentary critiques how companies like Amazon, Adidas, and Apple use persuasive marketing techniques to encourage consumers to overspend.

It raises questions about whether society has prioritized material possessions over experiences and relationships.

Environmental Impacts:

The film highlights the ecological damage caused by excessive consumption, including the disposal of unsold clothing, which contributes to environmental degradation in countries like Ghana.

It discusses the issue of e-waste, revealing how discarded electronics are often shipped to developing countries, leading to health hazards for workers who dismantle them without proper protection.

Textile Waste and Fast Fashion:

The documentary examines the fast fashion industry, showcasing how companies produce millions of items annually, resulting in significant textile waste that pollutes ecosystems.

It emphasizes the harmful effects of synthetic fabrics, which release microplastics into waterways.

Carbon Footprint and Resource Depletion:

The production and transportation of goods are linked to high fossil fuel consumption, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change.

The extraction of raw materials for consumer goods leads to deforestation and loss of biodiversity.

Plastic Waste and Ocean Pollution:

Excessive packaging, often made from non-recyclable plastics, exacerbates the plastic waste crisis, harming marine life and ecosystems.

The episode stresses the urgent need for sustainable consumption practices to mitigate these issues.

Consumer Responsibility vs. Systemic Solutions:

While the documentary raises awareness about consumer manipulation, it also questions whether the onus of change should solely fall on consumers.

Lewin argues for the need for systematic solutions and corporate accountability to address the root causes of overconsumption and environmental degradation.

Personal Reflections:

Lewin shares his own struggles with impulse buying and the societal pressures to consume, especially during the holiday season.

He encourages listeners to think critically about their purchases and consider sustainable alternatives, such as thrift shopping.

The episode concludes with a call to action for listeners to reflect on their consumption habits and engage in discussions about sustainability and environmental protection.

Rebuilding fisheries requires information on fisheries stock assessments for each species. Collecting that data is not easy; it takes time and money to do. The Canadian Government is mandated to gather information on the 200 commercially fished species, but it's lacking. Not to worry. Ocean Canada has taken on the burden to collect and presenting the fisheries information in their Annual Fisheries Audit. 

In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, host Andrew Lewin interviews Rebecca Schijns, a fisheries scientist with Oceana Canada, to discuss the findings of the 8th Annual Fisheries Audit. The audit aims to assess the health of Canadian fish populations and the effectiveness of fisheries management.

Key Highlights from the Audit:

Current Status of Fish Populations:

Just over one-third (35%) of Canadian fish populations are assessed as healthy, an improvement from less than a third in the previous year.

Approximately 34.5% of fish stocks are in an uncertain status, lacking defined benchmarks for sustainable fishing.

The remaining stocks are categorized as follows:

1. 13% in the cautious zone

2. 17% in the critically depleted zone

Importance of Audits:

Oceana Canada began conducting these audits in 2017 due to a lack of clear data on fishery health.

The audits compile publicly available government documents, stock assessments, and management plans to create a comprehensive overview of fishery status.

Positive Developments:

High-quality rebuilding plans have been developed for several critically depleted stocks, including mackerel and cod, with timelines for recovery.

Increased consideration of climate change impacts in scientific advice and management decisions.

A slight decrease in the number of stocks in the critical zone, indicating progress in stock assessments.

Concerns and Challenges:

Despite the positive developments, there is a slow rollout of the Fisheries Act regulations, with only 30 out of nearly 200 fish stocks currently covered.

The reopening of the cod fishery and increased quotas for capelin have raised concerns about overfishing, especially given the stocks' precarious status.

The episode highlights the need for stronger leadership and accountability in fisheries management to ensure sustainable practices.

Call to Action:

Rebecca emphasizes the importance of citizen engagement in fisheries management, encouraging listeners to stay informed and advocate for sustainable practices.

Oceana Canada aims to depoliticize fisheries management by promoting strong laws and regulations that can withstand political changes.

The episode concludes with a hopeful outlook for the future of Canadian fisheries, stressing the importance of collaboration and informed decision-making to achieve sustainable fish populations.

Link to the Report: https://oceana.ca/en/reports/fishery-audit-2024/

How do we stop over fishing? Fishing transparency is a great start. Many fisheries around the world lack the data to provide managers with the information to make better management decisions. The Coalition of Fisheries Transparency aims to work with their partners to help gain more information on each fishery. Maisie Pigeon, the Director for the Coalition, koins Andrew Lewin to discuss how transparency is made possible for fisheries. 

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses fishing transparency with Maisie Pidgeon, the director of the Coalition for Fisheries Transparency. The conversation highlights the significant challenges posed by illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, which contributes to overfishing, fisheries mismanagement, and human rights abuses in the fishing sector.

Key Points:

1. Lack of Transparency: The absence of transparency measures in fisheries management leads to various problems, including overfishing and exploitation of fish stocks. Many countries struggle to manage their fisheries effectively due to insufficient data on fish populations and fishing activities.

2. Complex Stakeholder Dynamics: The fishing industry involves multiple stakeholders, including governments, the fishing industry, scientists, and conservationists. The interplay between these groups can complicate decision-making and hinder effective management.

3. The Role of the Coalition for Fisheries Transparency: The Coalition is a global network of civil society organizations advancing fisheries transparency measures. Their goal is to ensure the sustainability and equity of the fisheries sector by promoting better data sharing and management practices.

4. Benefits of Transparency: Implementing transparency measures can lead to informed decision-making, increased accountability, and improved governance in fisheries. This, in turn, can help combat IUU fishing and promote sustainable practices that protect fish stocks for future generations.

5. Global Charter for Fisheries Transparency: The Coalition operates under the Global Charter, which outlines ten policy principles to enhance fisheries transparency. These principles include requiring unique identification numbers for fishing vessels, publishing lists of licenses, and ensuring public access to fisheries data.

6. Collaborative Efforts: The Coalition works with various countries and organizations to implement transparency measures. By fostering collaboration and sharing best practices, they aim to create a global community focused on improving fisheries management.

7. Future Goals: The Coalition plans to expand its reach and influence, particularly in regions lacking fisheries management. They aim to raise awareness about the importance of transparency at international forums, such as the upcoming Our Ocean conference.

The episode emphasizes that enhancing fishing transparency is a vital step in addressing overfishing and ensuring the long-term sustainability of fish populations. By improving data collection, sharing information, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders, the Coalition for Fisheries Transparency aims to create a more equitable and sustainable fishing industry worldwide.

Connect with the Coalition for Fisheries Transparency: https://fisheriestransparency.net/

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The impact of the avian flu of elephant seals resulted in the death of 17,000 individuals in a population in Argentina. Researchers think the marine mammals caught the virus from migrating birds near their haul out areas that are usually packed with the animals one on top of the other. Unfortunately, 97% of the elephant seal pups were lost resulting in a devastating loss for generations to come. 

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses the devastating impact of the H5N1 avian flu on the elephant seal population off the coast of Argentina. Over 17,000 elephant seals died last year due to the outbreak, with approximately 97% of the pups affected. This significant loss poses a serious threat to the population's future, as elephant seals are a slow-growing species that take time to reach sexual maturity and reproduce.

The episode highlights how the H5N1 virus has adapted to marine mammals, allowing it to spread efficiently and evolve into distinct strains. The decline in the seal population and the loss of genetic diversity could make them more susceptible to future outbreaks and environmental stressors. The host emphasizes the importance of ongoing research, monitoring, and conservation efforts to mitigate risks and support the recovery of the elephant seal population.

Lewin expresses concern over the emotional toll of witnessing such a high mortality rate among the pups, which are crucial for the colony's future. He calls for increased funding and prioritization of conservation efforts to ensure the survival of this vulnerable species. The episode concludes with a commitment to follow the story and seek ways to help the elephant seals as a community.

Link to article: https://newsroom.wcs.org/News-Releases/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/23766/Elephant-Seal-Colony-Declines-One-Year-After-Avian-Flu-Outbreak.aspx

A new marine protected area has been designated in Puerto Rico to bring their total ocean protection up to 27%, 3% away from the 30 x 30 promise many countries have promised to meet. The US has a total of 26% of its ocean in marine protected areas.

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses establishing a new marine protected area (MPA) in Puerto Rico, which has increased the total protected area in their territorial waters to 27%. This new MPA, named Vega Baja and Manatee Underwater Gardens, spans 202 square kilometers (77 square miles) off the central north coast of Puerto Rico and encompasses vital ecosystems such as coral reefs, mangrove forests, and seagrass beds.

The designation of this MPA results from a 16-year effort led by local communities and NGOs, highlighting the importance of community involvement in conservation efforts. The local fishing community and ecotourism stakeholders played a crucial role in advocating for the protection of this area, recognizing its significance for sustainable fishing and tourism.

Lewin emphasizes that the success of the MPA relies on a co-management plan that balances human activities with ecological preservation. This approach involves local knowledge and traditional practices, ensuring that the management decisions reflect the needs and insights of those who rely on marine resources.

The episode underscores the importance of protecting these ecosystems not only for biodiversity but also for the economic well-being of the local community. By establishing this MPA, Puerto Rico is making strides toward the global goal of protecting 30% of land and water by 2030, showcasing a model for community-led conservation efforts. Lewin invites listeners, especially those from Puerto Rico, to share their thoughts and experiences regarding this significant development in marine conservation.

Link to article: https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/local-groups-drive-creation-of-new-puerto-rico-marine-protected-area/

In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses practical ways for individuals to reduce their carbon footprint. Here are the key strategies highlighted:

Calculate Your Carbon Footprint: Start by determining your current carbon footprint using a reliable calculator. Understanding your baseline is essential for tracking progress.

Food Choices:

• Opt for Plant-Based Diets: Shift from meat, especially beef, to more plant-based proteins. This can significantly reduce your food-related carbon emissions by 50-80%.
• Buy Local: Purchase food from local farmers or farmers' markets to minimize the carbon footprint associated with transportation and mass production. Local farm food is generally more sustainable than imported or factory-farmed options.

Clothing Purchases:

• Avoid Fast Fashion: Steer clear of fast fashion brands that use synthetic fibers. Instead, consider investing in higher-quality, sustainable clothing made from natural materials like wool.
• Thrift Shopping: Buy second-hand clothes from thrift shops to reduce waste and avoid contributing to the fast fashion cycle.

Sustainable Business Practices:

If you are in a position to influence workplace policies, advocate for sustainable practices. This can include forming employee-led sustainability committees to promote eco-friendly initiatives.

Implement energy-efficient solutions, such as replacing incandescent light bulbs with energy-efficient alternatives, which can drastically reduce power consumption.

By following these steps, individuals can not only lower their carbon footprint but also contribute to a more sustainable future. Andrew encourages listeners to share their experiences and progress in reducing their carbon footprint.

Link to article: https://www.forbes.com/sites/leighcuen/2024/11/10/how-to-reduce-your-carbon-footprint/

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses the pressing issue of plastic pollution and highlights a promising biological solution involving African mealworms.

The episode focuses on the Kenyan lesser mealworm, a larval form of the Alphitobius darkling beetle, which has shown the ability to break down polystyrene, commonly known as styrofoam. This capability is attributed to the unique microbes and bacteria in the mealworms' gut. Researchers are studying these gut bacteria to identify specific communities that facilitate the degradation of plastic materials.

Key findings from the research indicate that the mealworms can effectively digest polystyrene when provided with a nutrient-rich diet, such as bran, alongside the styrofoam. This balanced diet appears to enhance the production of the necessary bacteria and enzymes to break down plastic. The study revealed significant shifts in bacterial composition based on the mealworms' diet, suggesting that the gut microbiome adapts to optimize plastic degradation.

The episode emphasizes the potential of harnessing these naturally occurring bacteria and enzymes for large-scale applications in plastic waste management, particularly in regions like Africa, where plastic waste poses significant environmental challenges. By isolating and utilizing these microbial communities, there is hope for developing innovative methods to biologically process plastic waste, reducing reliance on harmful chemical recycling methods.

The podcast presents a hopeful perspective on using biological solutions, like the African mealworm, to combat plastic pollution and promote environmental conservation.

Link to article: https://theconversation.com/plastic-eating-insect-discovered-in-kenya-242787

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses the significant return of the Southern Resident orca population, specifically L-Pod, to Penn Cove, Washington, after more than 50 years. This return is particularly poignant given the tragic history of the area, where in the 1970s, a brutal capture event took place. During this event, 80 orcas were corralled using bombs and boats, resulting in the deaths of five orcas and the capture of many others, including Tokite, also known as Lolita, who spent 50 years in captivity before passing away in 2023.

The emotional response from the local community and researchers upon witnessing the orcas return to Penn Cove was captured in videos, marking a full-circle moment for a population that has faced significant trauma. While the reasons for their return remain unclear—whether it was due to food availability or exploration—the event symbolizes hope for the future of the critically endangered Southern Resident orcas, whose numbers have dwindled from around 150 individuals to just 71-73 today.

Lewin emphasizes the importance of protecting the orcas' habitat and food sources, particularly their preferred prey, salmon, which has been declining due to various environmental factors. The episode highlights the resilience of these intelligent creatures and the joy of their return, serving as a reminder of the ongoing efforts needed to ensure their survival and recovery.

Link to article: https://www.greenmatters.com/news/penn-cove-orca-capture

U of Washington and Orcas: https://marinebiology.uw.edu/2022/10/13/from-detection-to-protection-orca-research-and-conservation/

Are you sick of hearing about plastic straws? Andrew Santino, a comedian, doesn't think that plastic straws are hurting sea turtles even though a video went viral for a scientist pulling a plastic straw from a sea turtle's nose in Costa Rica. Four months later, the same scientist pulled a plastic fork from a sea turtle's nose about 70 kilometres from the original site. 

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Lewin discusses the influence of comedy on public perception, particularly regarding the anti-single-use plastic movement. He begins by referencing a stand-up bit by comedian Andrew Santino, who humorously questions the narrative surrounding plastic straws and their impact on sea turtles. Santino's comedic approach raises concerns for Lewin, who worries that audiences may take such jokes seriously and dismiss the real issues of plastic pollution.

Lewin emphasizes that while comedy can be entertaining, it can also perpetuate misinformation. He highlights the viral incident of a sea turtle with a plastic straw lodged in its nose, which became a symbol for the dangers of single-use plastics. Despite the comedic dismissal of such incidents, Lewin argues that they are significant and represent a larger problem of plastic pollution affecting marine life.

The episode underscores the power comedians hold in shaping public discourse. Lewin points out that many people rely on comedians for information, which can lead to misunderstandings about environmental issues. He expresses concern that jokes trivializing the impact of plastics may lead to apathy or skepticism about the anti-single-use plastic movement.

Ultimately, Lewin calls for a deeper understanding of the issue, urging listeners to recognize plastic straws as a gateway to the broader problem of plastic pollution. He invites feedback from the audience on their thoughts regarding the role of comedy in environmental advocacy, highlighting the need for accurate communication in the fight against plastic waste.

Video of Sea Turtle with Plastic Straw in its nose: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wH878t78bw&t=401s

Video of Sea Turtle with Plastic Fork in its nose: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRiTABRQOjk&t=8s